Curriculum

Childhood is a period of growth and change, involving developing one’s physical and mental capacities to the fullest. We recognize the child as a natural learner, and knowledge as the outcome of the child’s own activity. For this to happen, opportunities to try out, manipulate, make mistakes and correct oneself are essential.

The early childhood stage, age 6–8 years, is the most critical period when the foundations are laid for life-long development and the realization of full potential. Learning in the early years at our school is hence directed by the child’s interests and priorities and is contextualized by his/her experiences rather than being structured formally.

At this early stage of learning, from pre-primary to the primary school years, an important place is given to language and mathematics in all activities across the curriculum. The division into subjects is not very significant, and the knowledge areas are totally integrated and presented to children in the form of learning experiences from the environment.

At Primary School we provide new opportunities for all learners to learn about themselves, others and society. The children actively engage with the world around them, exploring, responding, inventing and working things out, and making meaning. A detailed and documented curriculum framework, encompassing academic and co curricular activities, is periodically revisited and revamped to make it responsive to the changing environment and education needs of the child. This ensures that the skills to be inculcated in children are imparted in a graded manner. The approach to the whole curriculum is process oriented rather than outcome oriented.

At the primary school we also ensure that children become digitally literate – able to use, and express themselves and develop their ideas through information and communication technology at a level suitable for the future workplace and as active participants in a digital world.

A variety of activities at this stage of schooling are made available, including participation in cultural programmes, organizing events, travelling to places outside the school, providing experiences to develop socially and emotionally into creative and confident individuals, proud of their culture, sensitive to others, and capable of taking initiative and responsibility.

Our Pre-Primary curriculum makes an effort to move away from a textbook culture which makes it an inclusive, age-appropriate and meaningful experience for children. Playing, music, rhyming, art and other activities using local materials, along with opportunities for speaking, listening and expression with informal interaction are essential components of learning at this stage.

Aesthetic sensibility and experience being the prime sites of a growing child’s creativity, we have brought the arts squarely into the domain of the curricular, ingesting them in all areas of learning while being mindful of their individual identity at relevant stages.

The language used in pre-primary is one that the child is familiar with in the immediate environment, while an informal multilingual classroom helps children to comfortably adjust to the early introduction of English. At the pre-primary stage children come equipped with basic interpersonal communicative skills in Hindi, they therefore need to acquire cognitively advanced levels of language proficiency at school. Stories, poems, skits and drama link children to their cultural heritage, and also give them an opportunity to understand their own experiences and to develop sensitivity to others. The emphasis is on listening and speaking a language before learning to read and write it. Also, effective early reading skills are the essential building blocks for language and literacy learning.

We use the Jolly Phonics method which is a fun and child centered approach to teaching English literacy through synthetic phonics. With actions for each of the 42 letter sounds, the multi-sensory method is very motivating for children and teachers, who can see their students make quick progress. The sounds are taught in a specific order (not alphabetically) using the holistic approach – visual and audio. This enables children to begin building words as early as possible.

Mathematics at the pre-primary stage ensures that children understand, in the context of small sets, the connection between counting and quantity rather than the rote learning of the number sequence. Making simple comparisons and identifying shapes and symmetries are appropriate skills to acquire at this stage.

Game-oriented but nonetheless educational tools such as memory activities, listening exercises and puzzles with various difficulty levels are introduced at different stages. 

The School has tied up with Ebix Smart Classes (formerly Educomp Solutions), which have introduced dynamic modules that enable learning with fun methodology. Interactive smart boards have been installed in some classes, all other classes up till Class 8^th have smart classes installed.

The period of primary school (from Class III to Class V) marks the formal introduction of the child to reading, writing, arithmetic and environmental studies. This period of three years is one of tremendous cognitive development; shaping reason, intellect and social skills.

English: The first concern of the school is on the development of the child’s language competence: issues related to articulation and literacy; the ability to use language to create, to think and to communicate with others. In classes I and II, the curriculum aims at arousing curiosity and interests children in the process of sharing ideas and experiences; to listen patiently to others and to relate their own experiences through stories and poetry; to be able to express themselves orally and to become visually familiar with text [word(s)], what it means, and to notice its component letter (s) and the sound-values they stand for. In classes III to V the focus is to enrich learners’ vocabulary, to use appropriate spoken and written language in meaningful contexts/situations, to familiarize learners with the basic process of writing – to prepare a notice, or write a message for someone or write a short composition based on pictures.

Mathematics: The curriculum explicitly incorporates the progression that learners make from the concrete to the abstract while acquiring concepts. Concepts and ideas are generally arrived at from observing patterns, exploring them and then trying to define them in their own words. The sequencing of the concepts from class I to class V is not linear, but spiral. Mathematical games, puzzles and stories help in developing a positive attitude and in making connections between mathematics and everyday thinking. Besides numbers and number operations, due importance is given to shapes, spatial understanding, patterns, measurement, data handling and mental arithmetic. Apart from computational skills, stress is laid on identifying, expressing and explaining patterns, on estimation and approximation in solving problems, on making connections, and on development of skills of language in communication and reasoning.

Social Studies: The school has added Social Studies as a new subject to help understand history, political science and culture. Because of Social Studies students understand the fundamental rights in our constitution, freedom fighters who fought for the nation. It also provides knowledge of the social environment and nature. It also develops the human qualities, desirable attitudes in students, and it also expands the critical thinking and imagination of students. Students learn many different things from social science like cultural and social beliefs, religions, caste, nationalities, languages, festivals, clothing, food etc. From these things, students come to know that in the society they live is multicultured, diverse and interrelated between the countries, culture and religion.

 Computers: School in the past few years has strengthened its computer lab infrastructure and continuously added and improvised hardware to enable every student the opportunity to get familiar with the technology. At class I and II level students learn to use keyboard with both the hands for typing the words, handle mouse, read & recognize small words. Tux Paint is used to identify shapes in their environment and use electronic tools to get desired effects. Learners understand the use of numeric keys and perform Simple Mathematical Calculations (addition and subtraction) too with TuxMath. 

At the next stage, in classes III to V, Microsoft office tools like Word, excel and PowerPoint are used for various projects. Word Processor is introduced to design creatively formatted text documents like cards and posters using tables, frames and drawing toolbars. Students are also given a variety of topics across disciplines to create attractive presentations in MS PowerPoint. Presentation using different tools, formatting options, and implication of charts. To create more interesting presentations, students use custom animation, sound effects, and videos. Students also learn block based visual programming language on Scratch. Students to create their own interactive stories, games and animations. As students design Scratch projects, they learn to think creatively, reason systematically, and work collaboratively.

The School has also introduced Nano Lab from this session, where students are taught how to use 3d Pen and 3d Printers that help them to turn their ordinary drawings into 3d works of art. Lego sets have also been introduced to students for classes 3rd onwards. These little blocks hone fine motor skills, hand-eye coordination and problem-solving skills of the students. 

ENGLISH

The curriculum is presented in seven content areas. Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing, Literature, Grammar and Phonics, Spelling and Vocabulary.

In grades VI to VIII, the focus under Phonics, Spelling And Vocabulary is to enable the child to spell correctly, increase knowledge of word families, roots, derivations, morphology and regular spelling patterns; learn a range of vocabulary appropriate to their needs and use words with precision in speech and writing.

Reading includes reading of fiction, non-fiction and poetry texts using a range of strategies such as skimming and scanning in order to develop and enhance conceptual understanding, decoding, inferring and interpreting.

Writing incorporates different ways of generating, organising and shaping ideas, using a range of planning formats or methods, exploring some of the key linguistic and literary techniques used by writers, and beginning to use them to write, inform, explain, describe, argue, persuade and comment.

Grammar is not dealt with in isolation. It is contextually related with all other areas of language, especially Literature. The focus is on enabling the child to be self generational in applying the conventions of grammar and using integrated structures with accuracy and fluency. Graded

Literature over a span of 3 years helps children to appreciate literature of different genres while learning to understand and apply the terms in their written responses. Under Speaking and Listening the focus is towards enabling the child to communicate across a wide spectrum and make notable contributions to group discussions while developing the ability to listen courteously to others.

HINDI

कक्षा VI
कक्षा छः में विद्यार्थी पाठ्य पुस्तक के माध्यम से विभिन्न लेखकों के लेख, कहानियाँ, संस्मरण, नाटक पढ़ेंगे तथा शब्द – ज्ञान से समृद्ध होंगे।
गद्य के अतिरिक्त पद्य यानी महान्कवियों द्वारा लिखी कविताओं के मर्म को जानेंगे, उसका अर्थ व भाव ग्रहण करेंगे।
साहित्य के साथ – साथ व्याकरण द्वारा भाषा के मूल ज्ञान का विकास करेंगे। भाषा, व्याकरण, बोली, लिपि को जानेंगे।
शब्दों की उत्पत्ति, बनावट उनके भेदों का ज्ञान प्राप्त करते हुए संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, क्रिया, कर्म, कारक, काल, अव्यय शब्दों, पर्यायवाची, विलोम, अनके शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द, मुहावरे, लोकोक्तियाँ, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय, जानकर उनकी पहचान व प्रयोग करना सीखेंगे।
पत्र – लेखन, निबंध व अनुच्छेद – लेखन द्वारा अपने विचारों को शब्दों में पिरोकर अभिव्यक्ति करना सीखेंगे।
सहायक पुस्तक भी पढ़ाई जाएगी, जो उनके पौराणिक – ज्ञान को समृद्ध करेगी व पठन रुचिका विकास करेगी।

कक्षा VII
कक्षा सात का स्तर छः की अपेक्षा उच्च रहेगा।
यहाँ विद्यार्थी पाठ्य पुस्तक में लेख, कहानियों, कविताओं आदि के अतिरिक्त रेखाचित्र, निबंध व साक्षात्कार भी पढ़ेंगे जिसके माध्यम से विद्यार्थियों में संवाद – लेखन शैली के साथ – साथ साक्षात्कार लेखन – शैली के गुण भी समाहित होंगे।महान्लेखकों के रेखाचित्र से अवगत होंगे तथा स्वयं भी लिखने का प्रयास करेंगे। विभिन्न क्षेत्रों व देशों की कहानियाँ पढ़कर भाषा की बारीकी समझेंगे तथा उनमें मानवीय गुण भी विशुद्ध होंगे। सद्विचारों, व्यावहारिक – सामंजस्य, नैतिक – मूल्य, संवेदनशीलता, पशु – पक्षी – मनोभावों से ओतप्रोत पाठ ग्रहण करेंगे।व्याकरण के अंतर्गत जो कक्षा छः में ज्ञान प्राप्त किया, उसी की पुनरावृत्ति तथा उन्हीं विषयों को गहनता (थोड़ी अधिक) से पढ़ेंगे तथा नया विषय संधि पढे़ंगें, जो संधि युक्त शब्द समझने में सहायक रहेगा।
भाषा – शुद्धता व स्पष्टता पर और अधिक अधिकार प्राप्त करेंगे।
सहायक – पुस्तक भी पढ़ेंगे जो उनके पौराणिक व ऐतिहासिक ज्ञान को समृद्ध करेगी और इससे पठन – रुचि का विकास स्वतः होगा। शब्द – ज्ञान भण्डार भी बढे़गा।

कक्षा VIII
कक्षा आठ में विद्यार्थी गद्य के अंतर्गत विभिन्न विधाओं को समझेंगे तथा कहीं गंभीर, कहीं हास्य तो कहीं करुण कहानियों, लेखों, संस्मरण पढ़ते हुए साहित्यिक ज्ञान को पुष्ट करेंगे।
पद्य के अंतर्गत प्राकृतिक व देशभक्ति से सराबोर कविताएँ तथा भक्तिकाल के पद और साखियों का आनंद लेते हुए पद्यात्मक ज्ञान प्राप्त करेंगे।
व्याकरण के अंतर्गत कक्षा छः व सात में पढ़ाए गए विषयों की पुनरावृत्ति तथा काल- भेद को गहराई से जानेंगे।
संधि को पुनः पढ़ेंगे व ‘समास’ -(एक नया विषय) समझेंगे, इसके भेद व उदाहरण जानेंगे।
सहायक – पुस्तक भी पढ़ेंगे तथा सुप्रसिद्ध लेखकों की कहानियों से अवगत होंगे, जिसके माध्यम से देश के अंतर्गत बोले जाने वाले नए – नए शब्दों से परिचित होंगे।
पठन – रुचि का विकास स्वतः होगा।

MATHEMATICS

Students in grade VI standard begin understanding the abstract nature of mathematics while developing the ability to form their own concepts. Topics include: knowing numbers, playing with numbers, whole numbers, negative numbers &integers, fractions , introduction to algebra , ratio & proportion , basic geometrical ideas, practical geometry, understanding elementary 2-D and 3-D shapes , symmetry , constructions, concept of perimeter and introduction to area, pictograph , making bar graphs for given data and interpreting bar graphs.

In grade VII, topics like integers, fractions & decimals, geometry and symmetry have been presented by linking them with their introductory parts studied in 6th standard. Topics include: integers, fractions & rational numbers, powers, algebraic expressions, ratio & proportion (simple interest , percentage) , understanding shapes , properties of triangles , reflection and rotational symmetry , representing 3-D figures in 2-D figures , congruence, construction of triangles, area of a square, rectangle, triangle, parallelogram and circle, constructing bar graphs , mean, median and mode of ungrouped data.

Grade VIII is the bridge to Grade IX where students deal with more formal mathematics. Topics include: rational numbers , laws of exponents with integral powers, squares, square roots, cubes, cube roots , applications on percentages, profit & loss, overhead expenses, discount, tax, simple and compound interest , direct variation , inverse variation , time & work problems ,properties of quadrilaterals, construction of quadrilaterals ,area of a trapezium and a polygon , mensuration, bar-graphs, arranging ungrouped data into groups, constructing and interpreting bar-graphs, simple pie charts, and introduction to graphs.

SCIENCE

The aim and objective of teaching Science at Middle School level is to stimulate interest in nature and the physical and social environment. An appreciation of nature and its sources; the development of the powers of observation, exploration, classification and systematic thinking; the development of the child’s powers of creative and inventive faculties, with productive and healthy habits.

Since curriculum for Grades VI to VIII is open, we use those books which facilitate both theoretical and practical learning.

In Grade VI science, the students explore the Earth & beyond, Material properties, Nutrition, Forces, Energy, Plants, Humans, Living things in their environment, Variation & Classification.

In Grade VII science, the students focus on Sound, Light, Diet, Physiology (i.e. digestion, circulation, respiration & reproduction), Drugs & disease, Separation techniques & Chemical reactions, Electric current and Wastewater story.

In Grade VIII, science covers Human influences (pollution), Friction and Sound, Friction and Pressure, Making salts, Adaptation & survival, Energy flow, Electricity & energy, Cell- Structure and functions

SOCIAL SCIENCE

Grade VI Social Science familiarizes the students with major developments in history. It helps them understand the skills and knowledge of hunter-gatherers, early domestication, life in the first cities and the use of archaeological material to reconstruct social and economic histories. It will enable them to understand the unique place of the earth in the solar system, the two motions of the earth and their effects, basic skills of map reading, inter-relationship of the realms of the earth, physiographic divisions of India etc. The students will also be able to appreciate various forms of diversity in their everyday environments, understand how prejudice can lead to discrimination, difference between diversity and inequality, the Constitution, why government is required, the need for universal adult franchise, the key elements that influence the functioning of democracy, the workings of the Panchayati Raj and its importance.

In grade VII, Social Science enables students to trace the patterns of political developments and military conquests; understand the development of political institutions and relationship among foreign rulers. They are also acquainted with the introduction of new administrative reforms; range of material, skills and styles used to build; the origins and histories of towns; the major religious ideas and practices; the development of regional cultural forms, including ‘classical’ forms of dance and music; the new developments of global society, the complex inter-relationship of human and natural environment. The component of social and political life enables students to develop an understanding of the Rule of Law and our involvement with its institutions; the value of the constitution; the idea of equality and dignity of the individual in democracy; the understanding of the process of decision making within state governments.

In grade VIII the students will be able to delineate major developments within their time frame, unravel the story of a trading company becoming a political power, discuss different forms of tribal societies, understand the processes of de-industrialization and industrialization; have an idea of the technologies of weaving and the lives of weavers, discuss how revolts originate and spread; engage with the politics of education and how it is linked to questions of power and cultural identity. Students learn about resources, their variety, location and distribution; understand the importance of resources in our life and the need for a judicious use of resources for sustainable development; conservation of resources; learning about various types of farming and agricultural development in different regions; important types of manufacturing industries and role of human resources in the development of a nation’s economy. They will be familiarized with the role of the Constitution as the primary source of all laws of the country, develop an appreciation of human rights guaranteed in the Constitution, why India chose a parliamentary form of government; the main elements of our judicial structure, what is meant by ‘marginalized’, gain a critical understanding of social and economic injustices and think about the role of government in the economic sphere.

COMPUTER

The school focuses more on practical learning; school has two fully equipped computer labs so that students get hands on learning.

Topics covered from Class VI to VIII are: Computational thinking, MS office, Introduction to Animate CC, Introduction to Database Management, Introduction to Photoshop, Tools & layers in Photoshop, Organizing and Enhancing webpages, Computer Ethics and Cyber security.

ENGLISH

The English Language is a work in progress forever. Have fun with it.”- Jonathan Culver

A two-year curriculum for classes IX and X designed by the CBSE is followed at the secondary level. The overall aims of the course are to enable the learner to communicate effectively and appropriately in real-life situations; to use English effectively for study purposes across the curriculum; to develop and integrate all the components of language.

Reading Component: Aims to enable the students to adopt different strategies for different types of text; understand relations between different parts of a text through lexical and grammatical cohesion devices; analyse, interpret and infer the ideas in the text; retrieve and synthesize information from a range of reference material, using study skills such as skimming and scanning.

Writing Component: Its objective at this level is to ensure that the students are able to express ideas in clear and grammatically correct English, using appropriate punctuation and cohesion devices while writing in a style and diction appropriate for communicative purposes.

Listening Component: Is given due emphasis in order to enable the students to use linguistic and non-linguistic features of the context as clues to understand and interpret what is heard; distinguish main points from supporting details, and relevant from irrelevant information; understand and respond appropriately to directive language, e.g., instruction, advice, requests and warning.

Speaking Component: The objective is to enable the students to speak intelligibly, using appropriate word stress, sentence stress and intonation patterns; narrate incidents and events, real or imaginary in a logical sequence; present oral reports or summaries; express a point of view clearly and effectively; take active part in group discussions, and participate in spontaneous spoken discourse in familiar social situations.

Grammar Component: The integrated approach enables the students to use the following accurately and appropriately in context: Verbs, Tenses, Sentence Structure, connectors, types of sentences, types of phrases and clauses ,indirect speech comparison , nominalization , determiners, pronouns, prepositions etc. It is not dealt with in isolation. It is contextually related with all other areas of language.

Literature Component: Considerable emphasis is given on developing in students the ability to understand, interpret and respond to features in a literary text like character, plot/story/theme/setting as seen through time and place, socio-economic and cultural background. Cognitive functions like recalling, reasoning, appreciating, applying literary conventions, extrapolating, illustrating and justifying etc. are also integral to the literature component.

HINDI

“हिंदी हमारे राष्ट्र की अभिव्यक्ति का सरलतम स्रोत है।” सुमित्रानंदनपंत

कक्षा IX

कक्षा नौ में विद्यार्थी गद्य की विभिन्न विधाओं, जैसे – कहानी, निंबध, संस्मरण, तथा विज्ञापन एवं व्यंग्य आदि के बारे में तथा विज्ञान एवं व्यंग्य आदि के बारे में पढ़ेंगे। लिखितसामग्री को पढ़कर वांछित सूचना प्राप्त करने के लिए उसका विश्लेषण कर सकेंगे। काव्यखंड के अंतर्गत हिंदी के विशिष्ट एवं नए कवियों की रचनाओं का आनंद लेते हुए उनकी कृतियों से भाव तथा अर्थ ग्रहण करते हुए काव्य सौदंर्य से भी परिचित हो सकेंगे।व्याकरण के व्यावहारिक पक्ष पर अधिक बल देते हुए वे नियमों की पहचान करेंगे तथा सामासिक शब्द, उपसर्गो, प्रत्ययो के माध्यम से बनने वाले नवीन शब्द, काव्य में प्रयुक्त अलंकारों से परिचित होंगे। वाक्यभेद, पत्र – लेखन तथा निबंध-लेखन द्वारा संप्रेषण की प्रभावशीलता में वृद्धि करेंगे, साथ ही सहायक पुस्तिका के माध्यम से जीवन जगत से जुड़े अनुभव तथा रोचक प्रसंगों से परिचित होंगे।

कक्षा X

कक्षा दस में विद्यार्थी विविध साहित्यिक विधाओं में प्रयोग की गई लिखित भाषा की शैलियों की पहचान कर उनका विश्लेषण करने के लिए प्रवाह पूर्ण पढ़ सकेंगे। उसके उद्देश्यों, संरचनाओं, और विशिष्ट तत्वों की पहचान कर सकेंगे। श्रव्य – दृश्य  धनों के उपयोग से विविध प्रकार की रचनाओं का पठन और निर्माण कर सकेंगे। सूर, तुलसी जैसे महान कवियों के माध्यम से जहाँ एक ओर परंपरागत छंदों में काव्यसौंदर्य करना सीखेंगे वहीं आधुनिक कवियों की विभिन्न शैलियों में मुक्तछंद के द्वारा अर्थ व भाव ग्रहण करेंगे।

व्याकरण के व्यावहारिक पक्ष पर ज़ोर देते हुए उन्हें पद – परिचय, वाच्य, वाक्य-भेद आदि से परिचित कराया जाएगा, वहीं सार – लेखन, पत्र, लिखन में वे अपने शब्द भंडार और भाषायी दक्षता का परिचय देंगे।

सहायक पुस्तिका के माध्यम से यात्रावृत्त, अंचल भाषा तथा संस्मरण जैसी विधाओं का परिचय दिया जाएगा।
विद्यार्थी विद्यालय में आने से पहले ही भाषा की विषेषताओं, संरचनाओं और जटिलताओं को अपनाकर उसका उपयोग रोज़मर्रा की चुनौतियों को समझने और सुलझाने में करते हैं |

समृद्ध भाषिक परिवेशों और समय के साथ-साथ बच्चो का भाषा और उसके संसार के प्रति दृष्टिकोण और प्रगाढ़ हो जाता है। द्विभाषी क्षमता ज्ञानात्मक वृद्धि, सामाजिक सहिष्णुता, विस्तृत चिंतन तथा बौद्धिक उपलब्धियों के अवसर बढ़ा देती है।
हिंदी भाषा विभिन्न रूपों में विद्यार्थी को व्यक्तिगत, सामाजिक तथा शैक्षिक स्थितियों में हिंदी में सफलतापूर्वक संप्रेषण करना सिखाएगी। विभिन्न दृश्य, श्रव्यसाधनों, गतिविधियों, वाद – विवाद, भाषण आदि के द्वारा विद्यार्थी का सर्वांगीण विकास संभव होगा।

MATHEMATICS

“Besides language and music, mathematics is one of the primary manifestations of the free creative power of the human mind.” — Hermann Weyl

Class IX topics include: Concept of rational, irrational numbers, real numbers and their decimal expansions, laws of exponents for real numbers. Polynomials in one variable, zeroes of a polynomial, remainder theorem, factor theorem, factorization of polynomials, algebraic identities system. Solution and graph of a linear equation in two variables. Plotting points in the Cartesian plane. Introduction to Euclid’s geometry, lines and angles, angle sum property of a triangle, congruence of triangles, inequalities in a triangle, quadrilaterals, properties of a parallelogram, mid-point theorem, areas of parallelograms and triangles, properties of circles, constructions of triangles. Area of a triangle – by Heron’s formula, surface areas and volumes ( cube, cuboid, right circular cylinder, right circular cone, sphere). Graphical representation of data, measures of central tendency, histograms, frequency polygons. Repeated experiments and observed frequency approach to probability. Focus is on empirical probability.

Class X topics include: Euclid’s division lemma, the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, irrational numbers. Geometrical meaning of the zeroes of a polynomial, relationship between zeroes and coefficients of a polynomial, division algorithm for polynomials, solving pair of linear equations in two variables (substitution Method, elimination method, cross-multiplication method) , quadratic equations -roots, nth term and sum of first n terms of arithmetic progressions . Criteria for similarity of triangles, areas of similar triangles, Pythagoras theorem, tangent to a circle, dividing a line segment, construction of tangents to a circle, distance formula, section formula, area of a triangle. Trigonometric ratios of some specific angles, trigonometric ratios of complementary angles, trigonometric identities, heights and distances. Areas of sector and segment of a circle, areas of combinations of plane figures, surface area and volume of a combination of solids, conversion of solid from one shape to another, frustum of a cone. Mean, median and mode of grouped data, graphical representation of cumulative frequency distribution, probability (simple problems on single events).

SCIENCE

The aims of teaching Science at Secondary School level are to foster a friendly and stimulating environment in which students acquire skills in experimentation, construction and observation; expertise in handling and arranging scientific instruments; to acquaint students with scientific methods; to enable them to develop a scientific attitude. Students are motivated to reach high standards and acquire real insights into science, while gaining confidence in their own abilities.

In standard XI, students understand matter: its nature & behavior, motion, force & gravitation, organization in the living world, improvement & management of food.
In standard X, students explore world of living, chemical substances & natural resources, develop the concepts of light and the effect of current.

SOCIAL SCIENCE

At the secondary stage, the Social Sciences comprise History, Geography, Sociology, Political Science and Economics. The focus will be on Contemporary India, and the learner will be initiated into a deeper understanding of the social and economic challenges facing the nation. In keeping with the epistemic shift proposed, these will be discussed from multiple perspectives, including those of the SC and ST and disenfranchised populations. Efforts are made to relate the content as much as possible to the children’s everyday lives.
In History, India’s freedom movement and other aspects of its Modern History can be studied, as well as significant developments in other parts of the world. History is taught with the intent of enabling students to get a better understanding of their own world and identity; how it came into being as shaped by a rich and varied past. History should now help them discover processes of change and continuity in their world, and help them compare ways in which power and control are exercised.

Geography is taught keeping in mind the need to inculcate in the child a critical appreciation for conservation and environmental concerns along with developmental issues.

In Political Science, the focus is on understanding the philosophical foundations that underlie the value framework of the Indian Constitution, i.e. in-depth discussions on equality, liberty, justice, fraternity, secularism, dignity, plurality, and freedom from exploitation.

As the discipline of Economics is being introduced to the child at this level, it is important that the topics should be discussed from the perspective of people.

COMPUTER APPLICATION

Topics covered in IX & X are: Basics of Information Technology, Cyber-safety, Networking, Introduction to HTML, Introduction to HTML, Introduction to Python, Data types in Python.
In class X, under the topic Cyber ethics diverse concepts are discussed like Digital property rights, Open-source software movement, freedom of information and digital divide.

ENGLISH

Students are expected to have acquired a reasonable degree of language proficiency in English by the time they come to class XI, and the two year CBSE defined English Core course at this stage aims essentially at promoting higher order language skills. For a large number of students the Senior Secondary stage is a preparation for the university where a fairly high degree of proficiency in English may be required. But for another large group, this stage may be a preparation for entry in to the world of work. The English core course caters to both groups by promoting the language skills required for academic study as well as the language skills required for the work place.

The general objectives of teaching English core component at this stage are to develop greater confidence and proficiency in the use of language skills necessary of social and academic purposes, to build communicative confidence in various registers of English, to promote advanced language skills with an aim to develop the abilities of reasoning, drawing inferences etc. through meaningful activities, to develop ability and knowledge required in order to engage in independent reflection and enquiry and to develop the capacity to appreciate literary use of English and also use English creatively and imaginatively. Therefore, the Core component is a gentle combination of comprehension, note –making, advanced writing skills, chosen short literary pieces and extended reading text (novel).

At the end of this stage learners are enabled to read and comprehend extended texts in genres like fiction, science fiction, drama, poetry, biography, autobiography, travel and sports literature etc. They are also enabled to do text-based writing, writing expository/ argumentative essays, formal/informal letters and applications for different purposes, items related to work place like notices, advertisements, summaries, taking/making notes etc. The Core course also draws upon the language items suggested at Secondary level and delves deeper into their usage and functions. Usage of different tense forms for different kinds of narration, use of passive forms in formal and innovative writings, converting one kind of sentence/clause into a different kind of structure, items to exemplify stylistic variations in different discourses, use of modal auxiliaries based on semantic considerations and similar other functions thus find place seamlessly in the English Core Course.

MATHEMATICS

Class XI topics include: Introduction to relations and functions ,Trigonometric functions of sum and difference of two angles , trigonometric equations . Principle of Mathematical Induction. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations. Algebraic and graphical solution of linear inequalities in one and two variables Permutations and combinations. Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Indices . Arithmetic progression , geometric progression , sum to n terms of special series . Straight lines. Standard equations and simple properties of circles ,parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Introduction to three dimensional geometry. Limits and introduction to derivatives. mathematical reasoning. statistics and probability Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data. Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.

CLASS XII topics include: Types of relations and functions , composition of functions and invertible function ,binary operations . Properties of inverse trigonometric functions. Matrices and Determinants Continuity , differentiability , Application of Derivatives . Methods of integration , evaluation of definite integrals by substitution , some properties of definite integrals , area under simple curves , area between two curves .Differential equations. Formulating and solving linear programming problem graphically Probability (conditional probability , multiplication theorem on probability , independent events , Bayes’ Theorem , random variables and its probability distributions , Bernoulli Trials and Binomial Distribution

SCIENCE

Senior Secondary is the most crucial stage of school education because at this juncture specialized discipline-based content -oriented courses are introduced. Students reach this stage after 10 years of general education and opt for Physics, Chemistry & Biology with a purpose of pursuing careers in basic sciences or professional courses like Medicine, Engineering, Technology or Biotechnology. They study courses in applied areas of science and technology at tertiary level.

The broad objectives of teaching Physics, Chemistry & Biology are to provide learners with sufficient conceptual background which will help them meet the challenges of academic and professional courses after the senior secondary stage; to equip them with a high quality education which prepares students for further study and research; to familiarize the students with the world in which they live and to bring about an understanding of the impact of science on everyday life; to develop certain abilities- sense a problem, organize & interpret, discuss & express; promote understanding of basic facts and concepts in line with other disciplines of science such as Astronomy, Geology, & Engineering; to equip students to face various challenges related to health, nutrition, environment, population, weather, industries and agriculture.

Chemistry

In XI & XII, the entire syllabus of Chemistry consists of: Inorganic chemistry, Physical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry & Chemistry in everyday life.

Biology

It includes Diversity in living world, Structural organization in animals and plants, Cell: Structure and function, Plant physiology, Human Physiology, Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology and Human Welfare, Biotechnology and its Applications, Ecology and Environment.

Physics

It teaches Gravitation, Laws of motion, Kinematics, Thermodynamics, Work energy & power, Ray optics, Wave optics, Current electricity, communication system, alternating current, moving charges, magnetism, atom & nuclei electromagnetic induction, electric charge.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

In class XI and XII, topics covered are: Types of software, Boolean Logic, Encoding schemes, Appropriate usage of social media, Digital rights management, E-waste management, Computer networks. The main objective in the final two years is to familiarize students with basic coding concept found in Python. With more focus on practical learning, students are encouraged to visit local businesses and ask them about the problems that they are facing. For example, if a business is finding it hard to create invoices for filing GST claims, then students can do a project that takes the raw data (list of transactions), groups the transactions by category, accounts for the GST tax rates, and creates invoices in the appropriate format. Students can be extremely creative here. They can use a wide variety of Python libraries to create user friendly applications such as games, software for their school, software for their disabled fellow students, and mobile applications.

COMMERCE

Accountancy

Accountancy in class XI concerns basic rules and principles governing the discipline. Students will be introduced to the various stages of financial accounting; they will learn the format of recording and classifying various monetary transactions and this will help them to learn management and analysis of financial statements of the sole proprietor form of business identity.

In class XII students will be introduced to the accounting of Partnerships and Companies. They will learn the various aspects of Partnership in business and the reconstitution of partnership firms. They will also learn various ratios which will increase their understanding regarding the financial viability of business and its various short- and long-term solvency indicators. Analysis of cash through cash flow statement will help them judge the various ways of inflow and outflow of cash in business.

Business Studies

The course in Business Studies at +2 stage of Senior Secondary Education starts from class XI. In class XI the basic understanding of Business, Trade and Industry is imparted to the students, followed by the basics of management and marketing in class XII.

The main objective of business studies is to motivate a larger percentage of students towards self employment, thereby reducing the number of students seeking jobs each year in a limited job market. Thus, Business Studies can help students develop an entrepreneurial aptitude, which is an invaluable asset for their personal development and for the development of the economy of India.

ARTS

History

The curriculum in class XI is structured around the major themes of world history. The themes have been selected so as to focus on important developments in different spheres- political, social, cultural and economic. Through the study of these themes students will acquire a sense of the wider historical processes as well as an idea of the specific debates around them. The themes of World History will familiarize the learner with ways of reconstructing human social evolution which can be used to understand early societies. It will also familiarize the learner with the nature of early urban centers; help ability to meaningfully discuss whether writing is significant as a marker of civilization and understand the history of major world empires. The themes cover the history of the rise of Islamic empires in the Afro-Asian territories and its implications for economy and society. It will also develop learners’ view point of the ‘Crusades’. The learners will absorb the variety of nomadic societies and their institutions. The themes will introduce the debate around the idea of ‘Renaissance’; changes in the European economy that led to the voyages which resulted in the slave trade and will also understand what the meaning of these “discoveries” is. This will initiate students to the debate about the industrial revolution and show how notions like ‘modernization’ need to be critically assessed.

In class XII the focus shifts to a detailed study of some themes in Ancient, Medieval and Modern Indian history, although the attempt is to soften the distinction between what is conventionally termed as ancient, medieval and modern. The object would be to study a set of these themes in some detail and depth rather than surveying the entire chronological span of Indian history.

In Ancient History the learner is exposed to the story of civilization through inscriptions, coins etc. It familiarizes the learner with political, social and religious history through examples taken from different sources viz. Mahabharata, life of Buddha, Mahavira, and Ashoka.

In Medieval History the themes enable the learner to discuss various issues related to the major economic and religious developments in India; developments in agrarian relations; how to supplement official documents with other historical sources; the ways in which architecture can be analyzed to reconstruct history; ways of analyzing devotional literature as sources of history; how travelers’ accounts can be used as sources of social history and how colonialism affected zamindars, peasants and artisans.

In Modern History the learner is familiarized with the history of modern urban centres; how urban history can be written by drawing on different types of sources; significant elements of the Nationalist Movement and the nature of Gandhian leadership. It also discusses the last decade of the national movement, the growth of communalism, the story of partition and the framing of the constitution.

Political Science

Class XI
Indian Constitution at Work
The course helps students understand the historical processes and the circumstances in which the Constitution was drafted. They become familiar with the diverse visions that guided the makers of the Indian Constitution, identify certain key features of the Constitution , compare these to other constitutions in the world and analyze the ways in which the provisions of the Constitution have worked in real political life. The students also develop a deep insight about the Fundamental Rights and Duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

Political Theory
The main objective of the course is to introduce students to some of the important ideas and concepts which form a part of the living tradition of political thought in the world. Concepts like freedom, equality, rights and nationalism are used in everyday life not only by politicians and governments but by all of us. The students develop the skills for logical reasoning and abstraction, to inculcate attention to and respect for viewpoints other than one’s own, introduce students to the different political thinkers in relation to a concept and in everyday social life, enable students to meaningfully participate in and develop internal concerns of the political life that surrounds them, encourage the students to analyze any unexamined prejudices that one may have inherited.

Class XII
Contemporary World Politics
This course is designed to help the students understand the political scenario of contemporary world. It starts with making them familiar with the important political events and processes that mark the post cold war era and perpetuates consciousness about the global events and processes that shape our everyday lives. The course strengthens students’ capacity for analyzing contemporary developments in a historical perspective.

Politics in India after Independence
This course familiarizes the students with some of the key political events and figures in the post independence era. Emphasis is placed on developing skills of political analysis through an understanding of events and processes of recent history and capacity to link macro processes with micro situations in one’s life. The students are encouraged to analyze the contemporary Indian political scenario by developing a historical perspective for the same. Furthermore, the students get acquainted with the recent political trends in India.